Tuesday, March 25, 2025

GA 2136, Another Copy of a Printed Edition

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As I mentioned in my last post, I’m in the process of working through all the Pauline manuscripts in the Liste, in order to get a precise count of which manuscripts contain some portion of Romans. Of the 651 extant, or possibly extant, manuscripts currently classified as minuscules that contain some portion of Romans, I’ve so far been able to examine 632.

However, based on a lead that Katie Leggett sent in response to a forum query, we can now remove one more of those unexamined witnesses as a copy of a printed edition. 

GA 2136 (Moscow, Syn. gr. 472, Pinakes Diktyon 44097), is a Greek-Slavic bilingual from the 17th century that contains the entire New Testament. The VMR has microfilm images folios 96-129 (Mark 1:1-Luke 1:10) and folios 185-226 (John 1:1-21:25). However, the Moscow State Historical Museum has also made available a few color images, including the beginning of Revelation. (Thanks to Katie for pointing these out to me). 

These images, together with the microfilms already available in the VMR, make it clear that the Greek text in this ms has been copied from a printed edition and, as such, should be removed from the Liste. Four features are particularly significant. I've included screen shots

  1. As usual, the biggest giveaway is that it doesn't include nomina sacra. Unless there are very strong reasons to counteract it, this alone would be enough to demonstrate that a manuscript has been copied from a printed edition. But this is not all. 

  2. Another giveaway is that the manuscript uses indentation instead of ekthesis. 

  3.  Perhaps the most striking feature, however, is that the manuscript includes modern verse numbers. These verse numbers could not have been added later from a secondary source because the indentation follows them precisely.  

  4. A final feature, not, of course, decisive on its own is that (as shown in the image linked to above) Revelation is immediately preceded by Jude, which is a rather unusual in Greek manuscripts, but standard in early printed editions. 
While I have illustrated these points from the color images made available by Moscow, the three primary points made above are all also visible in the microfilm images of the Gospels available in the VMR. 
In other words, it is not simply that Revelation has been added from a printed edition. The Greek text as a whole has been copied from it, and as such should be removed from the Liste. On another note, it is interesting that this manuscript contains what appears to be text-critical sigla like brackets (see below from the end of Jude)—it would be interesting in its own right to work out what these refer to. 


4 comments

  1. Great work, Peter! The indented verses resemble the Beza and Elzevir editions. The text in brackets in Jude corresponds to the differences between the Latin Vulgate and Greek TR, which might offer a pointer towards the edition.

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    1. Thanks for taking a look! It might also be possible that the brackets have something to do with the Slavonic text in the other column, but that isn't a language I've studied yet, so I wasn't able to check personally.

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  2. Which book most typically precedes Revelation, and do any ever follow it?

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    1. I can't speak to the whole tradition as I haven't done a special study of the order of books in the manuscript tradition as a whole. But the standard order in Greek manuscripts is Gospels-Acts-Catholics-Paul (and then Revelation, if it is present—it often is not). There are of course exceptions and sub-variations within the different collections.

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