Tuesday, July 10, 2007

Epigraphy and Ligatures

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It is Summer so it is time for those posts that are even more tangential to TC than the usual ones. Whilst on a field trip in Turkey, I noticed the following inscription in Priene (I.Priene 246), dated to the 3rd century AD on the basis of the script.



What struck me are the many ligatures where the vertical strokes of the letters are combined, not unlike the ligatures in some of the later 4th century codices.



This example shows the combination of Η Ν Π in τηΜ Ï€ÎżÎ»ÎčΜ, the one below shows a combination of Η ÎŁ in the second line, but compare the line below where the two letters are written separately.



I do not intend to make a study of the development of such ligatures and of the localities where and the times when, but I could see some potential in such a project (unless this has been done already, of course).

In case you are interested, this is the full transcription of the text (taken from ConcEyst, with thanks):
áŒĄ Î»Î±ÎŒÏ€ÏÎżÏ„áœ±Ï„Î· ΠρÎčÎ·ÎœáœłÏ‰Îœ
ጞ᜜ΜωΜ πáœčλÎčς
Îșα᜶ áŒĄ Îșρ. ÎČÎżÏ…Î»áœŽ Îșα᜶
τ᜞ φÎčÎ»ÎżÏƒáœłÎČÎ±ÏƒÏ„ÎżÎœ ÏƒÏ…ÎœáœłÎŽÏÎčÎżÎœ
Ï„áż†Ï‚ ÎłÎ”ÏÎżÏ…Ïƒáœ·Î±Ï‚
ጐτΔ᜷ΌησαΜ Îșατᜰ τᜰ
Ï€ÎżÎ»Î»áœ±ÎșÎčς ᜑπ᜞ Î±áœÏ„áż¶Îœ
ጐΜ ÎșÎżÎčÎœáż· ÎŽÎč áœ‘Ï€Îż ΌΜηΌᜱτωΜ
λογÎčÏƒÎžáœłÎœÏ„Î± ጐπ᜶ ÎČÎżÏ…Î»Î”ÎșÎșλησÎčáż¶Îœ
Îșα᜶ ÎŽÎčᜰ ψηφÎčσΌᜱτωΜ
ᜑπáœČρ ᜧΜ áŒÏ€ÎżÎčáœ”ÏƒÎ±Ï„Îż
ÎŽÎčᜰ Ï„áż¶Îœ áŒ€ÏÏ‡áż¶Îœ πΔρ᜶
τᜎΜ πáœčλÎčΜ ጀΜαλωΌᜱτωΜ
Μ. Αᜐρ. ΀ατÎčαΜ᜞Μ ÎČ Ï„ÎżáżŠ
Î•áœÏƒÏ‡áœ”ÎŒÎżÎœÎżÏ‚ Ï„ÎżáżŠ Î Ï‰Î»Î»áœ·Ï‰ÎœÎżÏ‚
τ᜞Μ áŒ€ÎłÎżÏÎ±ÎœáœčÎŒÎż
Îșα᜶ Ï€Î±ÎœÎ·ÎłÏ…Ïáœ·Î±ÏÏ‡ÎżÎœ Ï„áż†Ï‚
ΠολÎčáœ±ÎŽÎżÏ‚ ΞΔοῊ ገΞηΜ៶ς
Îșα᜶ Ï€ÏÎżÏƒÏ„áœ±Ï„Î·Îœ Ï„áż†Ï‚ ΞΔοῊ
Îșα᜶ ጀρχÎčπρ᜻ταΜÎčΜ Îșα᜶
ÎČÎżáœ»Î»Î±ÏÏ‡ÎżÎœ τ᜞Μ στΔφαΜηφáœčÏÎżÎœ.
Î”áœÏ„Ï…Ï‡Î”áż–Ï„Î”

1 comment

  1. I am no expert on epigraphy but two things strike me here. The first is the Attic sigma (ÎŁ). When I took my epigraphy class, I think that I learned that the lunate sigma (C) was the standard for the imperial period. I would assume that this is an archaism on the part of the producer of the monument maybe even with the Athenian goddess in mind.

    Second, the formula/sentence structure used is parallel to what one would find on in a Latin monument. I would guess that this is quite standard by the fourth century.

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